Research projects

Related Research Projects

Major research projects in which AMATERASS, its precursor systems, or related geostationary-satellite radiation-analysis technologies were used or extended, arranged chronologically from publicly available government and institutional records.

Technology development through research projects

Each entry first identifies the responsible organization and the formal program or project framework, followed by the research area, selected project, or feasibility-study topic as applicable. It then summarizes, from the AMATERASS perspective, how its analyses and data were used, what functions or geographic coverage were extended, and what operations continued.

2007–
Climate diagnosis / satellite-analysis infrastructure
Responsible organization / program
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) — Special Education and Research Expenses Four-University VL

Formal project titleFormation of a Virtual Laboratory for Diagnosis of the Earth Climate System

The Climate Diagnosis Virtual Laboratory (VL) Project. It began under MEXT Special Education and Research Expenses and later continued as the Four-University VL after transition to general university funding.

Project objective

An inter-university project linking observational, satellite, and numerical-model research at four research centers of the University of Tokyo, Chiba University, Nagoya University, and Tohoku University to establish a “virtual laboratory” for integrated diagnosis of the Earth climate system. At Chiba University, CEReS was responsible for activities including preparation and distribution of satellite data for climate diagnosis, development of ground-validation networks, and estimation of surface and top-of-atmosphere radiation budgets from geostationary satellites.

Relationship to AMATERASS

AMATERASS quasi-real-time processing began in July 2007, the first year of this project. Within the VL framework, quasi-real-time analysis of the Himawari full-disk observation region continued while analysis was also extended to other geostationary satellites such as GOES-East and GOES-West. Radiation products from multiple satellite domains were combined and evaluated as global radiation products. Ground validation using SKYNET and BSRN, and studies of applications to photovoltaic power, also advanced during this period. Development, operation, and data provision of AMATERASS continued after the VL transitioned to general university funding.

Points documented in public sources

The VL began in FY2007 under MEXT Special Education and Research Expenses. After the time-limited funding period, activities continued under the Four-University VL, including training, collaborative research, and operation of shared data infrastructure. Chiba University planning documents identify satellite archives, radiation-budget estimation, and ground validation as major CEReS responsibilities.

2011–2013
Photovoltaics / power-output monitoring
Responsible organization / program
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) / Agency for Natural Resources and Energy Electricity Infrastructure Division

Formal project titleDemonstration Project for Photovoltaic Power Output Forecasting Technology

Higher-level policy: securing stable supply of renewable energy.

Project objective

A demonstration project aimed at developing technologies for monitoring and forecasting photovoltaic power output required for power-system supply–demand operation under large-scale PV deployment. Satellite imagery, meteorological data, ground-based solar-radiation observations, and measured PV output were combined to improve spatial estimation of solar irradiance and photovoltaic power output.

Relationship to AMATERASS

The project used 1-km-grid satellite-derived solar irradiance generated by AMATERASS as an input for monitoring and forecasting photovoltaic power output. METI’s ex-post evaluation explicitly identifies the input for “solar-irradiance estimation using meteorological-satellite data” as “satellite-estimated solar irradiance (prepared by Hideaki Takenaka, The University of Tokyo).” The satellite estimate was corrected using ground observations and evaluated as a spatial irradiance estimate suitable for power-system operation.

Points documented in public sources

The project ran from FY2011 through FY2013. The official evaluation report documents, with figures, a method combining satellite-estimated irradiance, PV300 and meteorological-observatory measurements, and 1-km-grid output.

2012–2020
Earth science × EMS
Responsible organization / program
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) — Strategic Basic Research Programs, CREST

Research areaCreation and Integration of Fundamental Technologies for Building Distributed Cooperative Energy Management Systems

Project objective

A CREST research area that developed theories, models, and fundamental technologies for energy-management systems (EMS) that coordinate distributed supply and demand, including renewable energy. The program brought together control engineering, electric power, information science, economics, and Earth science. On the Earth-science side, solar irradiance, wind, near-surface temperature, and related variables were monitored and forecast from satellite observations, atmospheric models, and ground observations.

Relationship to AMATERASS

AMATERASS had already been operating geostationary-satellite solar-radiation analysis and quasi-real-time data provision before the CREST work began. Within this research area, its satellite solar-radiation products were used as part of the Earth-science information supporting renewable-energy applications, extending their use toward monitoring and short-term forecasting of geophysical variables, photovoltaic applications, and connections with EMS. During the research period, AMATERASS continued to update its analysis system and to generate, archive, and provide data. A FY2018 report also records AMATERASS as being incorporated into a platform for spatiotemporal sharing and visualization of EMS-related data.

2012–2014
Solar thermal / direct irradiance
Responsible organization / program
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) — New Energy Common Infrastructure Development Promotion Project

Project topicSurvey of Medium- and High-Temperature Solar-Thermal Utilization and Development of Evaluation Methods for Various Systems

Implemented in FY2012–FY2014 as a subcontract from Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Project objective

A three-year project that examined the introduction of solar thermal energy for medium- and high-temperature heat demand, particularly in industrial applications, and developed the technical basis for assessing domestic potential and project feasibility. Public reports identify direct-normal-irradiance measurement and estimation, solar-concentration simulation codes, receiver evaluation, and international standardization through IEC TC117 as major components.

Relationship to AMATERASS

Published CEReS annual reports state that AMATERASS data were used as “basic data” in this project. The project extended the use of AMATERASS solar-radiation products beyond photovoltaic applications to evaluation of direct irradiance, an important quantity for concentrating solar-thermal systems.

2013–2015
Agriculture / food security
Responsible organization / program
MEXT — Space Science and Technology Promotion Coordination Entrusted Fund / Space Science and Technology Utilization Promotion Program

Selected research projectRegional Crop-Yield Estimation and Short-Term Forecasting across the Pacific Rim Using Satellite-Derived Inputs for Food Security

Selected in FY2013. Contract institution: Chiba University.

Project objective

A project that coupled an integrated land-surface model with a crop-growth model, using spatially extensive satellite-derived solar-radiation and precipitation inputs to estimate crop yields across the Pacific Rim and forecast crop growth one to five days ahead. Chiba University served as the lead institution, with Kyoto University, JAXA, and Nagoya University participating, from FY2013 through FY2015.

Relationship to AMATERASS

MEXT’s ex-post evaluation identifies “EXAM” as the solar-radiation input to the model and connects retrospective analysis, rapid-update analysis, and near-future simulation using JRA-55, EXAM, and GSMaP. To support data provision for this project, EXAM reanalysis and archives were prepared; during the transition to Himawari-8, geolocation accuracy and processing speed were improved. Before full operational use, the end-to-end processing system had been reduced to approximately 140 seconds, and high-frequency AMATERASS-family solar-radiation data were supplied directly to the land-surface and crop models.

Points documented in public sources

In sensitivity experiments over Japan using EXAM, the ex-post evaluation reports that the coefficient of determination for the shortwave radiation budget improved from 0.6–0.7 with the conventional formulation to 0.95, with improvements also reported for sensible and latent heat fluxes. The report explicitly distinguishes the roles, noting that EXAM itself had been developed under other projects while this project handled reanalysis, archiving, and related work.

2016
Global-expansion feasibility study
Responsible organization / program
MEXT — Earth Environmental Information Platform Development Program / Core Application Feasibility Study

FS topicGlobal Deployment of Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Power Estimates Derived from Geostationary Meteorological Satellites

Selected in FY2016. Lead institution: Chiba University. A feasibility study for social implementation and international deployment using DIAS.

Project objective

A core-application feasibility study selected in FY2016 to examine the feasibility of extending solar-radiation and photovoltaic-power estimation, already operating in the Himawari domain, to multiple geostationary meteorological satellites for global-scale use. Chiba University worked with JAXA, Tokai University, NICT, Weathernews, and other organizations.

Relationship to AMATERASS

The FS examined extending AMATERASS solar-radiation and photovoltaic-power estimation from the Himawari domain to multiple geostationary satellites. Proposal materials show a configuration combining AMATERASS atmospheric-radiation analysis with cloud and aerosol information, user/data interfaces, and high-speed communications, using DIAS as the data platform for international use. The project evaluated the feasibility of global deployment; it should be distinguished from a completed global operational system.

Points documented in public sources

DIAS social-implementation materials state that eight core-application feasibility studies were selected in FY2016 in fields including transport, disaster prevention, renewable energy, health, and agriculture; this project was listed as the renewable-energy FS.

2020–2027
Central Asia / international joint research
Responsible organization / program
JST / JICA — Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)

Research projectDevelopment of Innovative Climate-Resilient Technologies for Improving Water-Use Efficiency and Controlling Salinity in the Aral Sea Region

JST documents list the framework as SATREPS under the International Collaborative Research Program, research area “Research contributing to solutions to global environmental issues.” Partner country: Republic of Uzbekistan.

Project objective

A Japan–Uzbekistan joint research project addressing water scarcity, salinity, and drought around the Aral Sea by combining climate data, Earth observation, irrigation and drainage management, and salt-tolerant plants to quantify water resources, evapotranspiration, and crop growth and develop sustainable agricultural models. The Japanese principal investigator is Prof. Kenji Tanaka of Kyoto University’s Disaster Prevention Research Institute.

Relationship to AMATERASS

Central Asia lies outside the Himawari observation domain, so this project extended the AMATERASS analysis target to Meteosat IODC (MSG). SATREPS implementation reports describe a plan to first analyze historical Meteosat data and then develop and implement quasi-real-time processing based on those results. Solar-radiation products for partner institutions were designed at 30-minute intervals on a 0.1° grid, extending the analysis and data-provision framework developed in the Himawari domain to Central Asia.

JST research period
1 Aug 2020 – 31 Mar 2026 (transition to the formal project agreement: 1 Oct 2021)
International joint research period
21 Jul 2022 – 20 Jul 2027. The international joint research with the partner country continues through 2027 beyond the end of the JST-side research period.